Lighter than air
-French create a dirigible powered by Pyreolophore in 1861, works quite well
-people keep working on it, but now is truly workable commercially
-US's Wars > American Civil War (1869-76) sees use of dirigible fleet by particularly the Constitutionalist side
-by French Wars > Fourth French War (1880-4), there are anti-dirigible rockets that target hydrogen airships, resulting in them playing a more lowkey role in war
-also inspires more development of rockets
-but nevertheless, still used by all sides in French Wars > Fifth French War (1890-5)
-growth of civilian use of dirigibles in 1870s to 1890s
-French commercial dirigible company formed in 1874 by burgeoning entrepreneur
-in 1880s, 1890s, it grows rapidly and by 1900 dirigibles around the world
-supplements them with bolides in 1920s, 1930s, and by 1960s fully supplanted
Heavier than air
Bolides
-use of liquid-propelled rockets to do humanity's first flight in 1892
-wartime experiment by French govt
-this prototype called motobolide, from moto (motor) and bolide (from ancient greek bolis), term applied to heavier than air aircraft as a whole
-with term rocket bolide being term used anachronistically
-use in aerial bombing during French Wars > Fifth French War (1890-5)
-bolides with rockets attached, aeronauts drop bombs from it
-postwar, with plans for them leaked, France engages in grandstanding by giving out its patent for free as a gift to the world in a spirit of republicanism
-aerial frames
-successful experiment in flying across English Channel in 1903
-The golden age of rocket bolides only starts to come to an end in the 1920s, as advantages of aerophores become clear and they exceed their achievements - except in speed (and they're still pretty fast)
-in 1890s, experiments with heavier-than-air flight achieve success, with use of new modern liquid-fuelled rockets (Rocketry > ^ead725); however, proves less than successful in taking them further
-experiments with using pyreolophores, inspired by uses of gyrophores thus slowly increase
-in 1914, Alexandru Aldea develops what he calls an aerophore which is able to go further than even the best rocket-powered flyers, and can be stopped and thrust can be throttled
-engine made of alumium, which has only recently been made cheaply thanks to electric decomposition
-w/o Faraday, electrolysis is behind OTL
-in competition with rocket flyers it wins by 1920s, safety helps after various rocket flyer accidents
-aerophores thus become commonplace and dominate bolide space
-with investigation in turbines rather delayed due to their association with "finished" technology of rocket
-also since prototypical engines do badly in tests - partially, metallurgy do not do well enough and they melt
and partially because double-decker planes do not work well with them
-talk rises of making bolide that crosses sound barrier in 1920s
-clear requires rockets to do this
-and clear it's extremely dangerous, numerous attempts end up in failure
-but finally, in 1928, French attempt to cross sound barrier succeeds in lightweight bolide shaped like a bullet
-using alumium, [ramjet]
-in 1960s, rise of turbine bolides
-prominence of rocket planes diminish exploration in the topic since they make it seem like a throwback
-first workable invented in China with new workable designs diminishing issues with knocking
-in China because same western orthodoxy not held to, resulting in more experimentalism
-despite issues as it seems to many a return to the rocket bolide era
-initially with militaries, but flows to civilian airway companies quickly
-kills off flying boats, forces many countries to construct airstrips instead of marine airports
-note that bolides do not unseat bullet lines (Railways > High-speed rail) because of fewer airports which are established better, and so small-range bolides less influential
-by 1980s, supersonic bolides on commercial market, and w/ no equiv of oil embargo they become extremely popular internationally
Gyrophore
-soon after invention of rocket bolide, people try out powering rotor-spun craft
-with rockets attached to the rotors
-in 1903, Jan Andel creates gyro-powered rotor craft with rockets at the metal rotor tips
-but fails to create another version with Pyreolophore
-further experimentation occurs with this because it clearly has potential
-in 1906, Hungarian Lajos Grunberg creates gyro-powered rotor craft powered by pyreolophore
-w/o alumium pyreolophores, as can support more relative weight
-in general, gyrophores (as they are called) see development much earlier than OTL
-see maturity in French Wars > Sixth French War (1937-41), where they are quite useful tools of war
-often armed with rockets
Terminology
-Motobolide - Airplane, from "moto" (motor) and "bolide" (from Ancient Greek bolis, missile)
-Bolide - Plane, pronounced "bolid" from the French
-Rocket bolide - rocketplane
-Aerophore - internal combustion engine-powered airplane
-Turbine bolide - jet plane
-Gyrophore - helicopter